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Inspecting for Success: Common Deficiencies in Solar PV Installations

November 11, 2024

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can provide significant benefits to homeowners, commercial property owners, and jurisdictions alike by reducing energy costs, contributing to energy security and reliability, reducing pollution, and promoting clean energy. However, improper installation of solar PV systems can result in poor performance or serious safety hazards that undermine these benefits.


For solar companies and jurisdictions responsible for ensuring the quality of solar PV installations, understanding common deficiencies is critical to ensuring optimal energy performance and reducing risks.

As the leading provider of solar quality assurance in the United States, IBTS has collected extensive data from thousands of solar installations nationwide through our Field Inspection Technology Quality Management (FIT-QM) software. Continue reading to learn about the most common installation deficiencies, their impact on solar PV performance and safety, and how to address and prevent these from occurring in your installations.


Issue #1: Improper System Labeling

Proper labeling for PV systems is required by code for good reason. Improper labeling can lack adequate warnings for hazards and create complications for maintenance technicians as well as first responders. Our solar quality experts often encounter issues like illegible or faded labels and those with incorrect values or missing hazard warnings. To avoid these issues, provide your installers with labels that will withstand the environment and ensure they label all components correctly, avoiding handwritten labels.


Issue #2: Wire Management

Proper wire management is essential for ensuring a reliable, safe, and high-performing solar PV system. Yet our data shows that wire management failures occur on 38% of PV projects installed nationwide. Our experts frequently come across low-hanging or poorly managed wires, improper splicing and terminations, extended bend radii, and incorrectly installed connectors during inspections, all of which can compromise safety and performance.


Issue #3: Balance of System Components

Components such as enclosures, penetrations, safety anchors, and conduit connections all help ensure the reliability and lifespan of PV systems by supporting their circuitry, protecting them from environmental exposure, and reducing potential safety risks. Our quality experts cite degraded enclosures and compromised connections as common findings, noting these can lead to vulnerabilities and decreased system performance, safety, and longevity.


Issue #4: System and Equipment Grounding

Proper grounding is essential for PV safety, stability, and reliability, yet it’s common to find systems that do not adhere to grounding standards, such as those with improper conductor identification, disconnected wiring, and module or racking grounding. These issues impact system performance and can put installers, inspectors, contractors, and occupants at risk of electric shock.


Preventing Common Deficiencies through Quality Management


Beyond identifying and addressing these common deficiencies in individual installations, it’s crucial to understand and address root causes that contribute to recurring issues. These vary, but may include insufficient training, guidance, and oversight for new installers; inconsistent company policies and processes; and lack of third-party assessments.


Implementing a structured and systematic quality management (QM) approach can help improve processes at each stage, ensuring consistent and correct installations that prevent costly callbacks and potential liability issues. Contact us to discuss how IBTS can assist with developing a customized QM process for your company.


January 28, 2025
Central, Louisiana, January 27, 2025 —The City of Central has achieved a Class 5 rating from the National Flood Insurance Program’s Community Rating System, enabling homeowners and businesses to receive a 25% reduction in their flood insurance premiums while enhancing community safety and strengthening property protections. The Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management practices that exceed National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) minimum requirements. More than 1,500 U.S. communities participate in the CRS program by implementing local mitigation, floodplain management, and educational outreach activities. The City of Central is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan area and has a population of around 30,000. Since 2011, the Institute for Building Technology and Safety (IBTS) has provided municipal services for the City, including leading efforts to improve its CRS rating. “This recognition reflects our ongoing efforts to prioritize public safety and strengthen flood resilience in our community,” said Central Mayor Wade Evans. “We are committed to preserving lives, safeguarding property, and ensuring a secure future for Central’s residents.” Situated between the Comite and Amite rivers, about 60 percent of Central’s incorporated area is within a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA); these areas require special NFIP floodplain management regulations and mandatory flood insurance due to their high risk of flooding. In 2016, a catastrophic storm, the fourth most costly flood event in U.S. history at the time, sent multiple rivers to record levels in the state; the Amite exceeded its previous record by more than six feet. Following the flood, the City accelerated its disaster planning and floodplain management efforts, which led to achieving a Class 7 rating in 2020; property owners then received a 15% insurance premium discount due to improved zoning requirements and increased educational programs. Mayor Evans’ commitment to public safety and IBTS’ floodplain expertise continue to drive City planning. Central has undertaken numerous infrastructure projects to counter escalating flood risks, which affect much of Louisiana’s low-lying geography. The City has collaborated with East Baton Rouge Parish on a multi-jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan, implemented an effective hydraulic model to monitor flood and stormwater, and strengthened City ordinances pertaining to building elevation and new development drainage requirements. Future plans include using real-time forecasting models to better prepare for weather events and developing a multi-jurisdictional assessment of floodplain species and plants.  Achieving a Class 5 rating “is the result of collaborative efforts to implement effective flood mitigation strategies,” said Brandon Whitehead, Central’s CRS Coordinator. “We appreciate the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the NFIP for their partnership as we continue working toward a safer and more resilient Central.” The new CRS rating, effective October 1, 2025, will automatically renew annually as long as the City complies with NFIP guidelines and continues its certified floodplain management activities. For more information on the City of Central’s floodplain management activities or the NFIP CRS program, contact Karen Johnson, IBTS Market Engagement Program Director, at kjohnson@ibts.org . ### IBTS is a national nonprofit organization and trusted advisor and partner to local, state, and federal governments. Our nonprofit mission to serve and strengthen communities is advanced through our services. These include building code services and regulatory expertise; compliance and monitoring; community planning; disaster planning, mitigation, and recovery expertise; energy solutions; municipal services; grants management; program management and oversight; resilience services; solar quality management; and workforce development and training. IBTS’ work is guided by a Board of Directors with representatives from the Council of State Governments (CSG), the International City/County Management Association (ICMA), the National Association of Counties (NACo), the National Governors Association, and the National League of Cities (NLC).
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